A Visitor’s Guide to Fort McHenry: History, Tours, and Events

Fort McHenry, located in Baltimore, Maryland, is a historic fort best known for its role in defending the city during the War of 1812 and inspiring Francis Scott Key to write what would become the United States national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Designated as a National Monument and Historic Shrine, Fort McHenry holds a special place in American history as the site where the American flag’s resilience in battle became a symbol of the nation’s perseverance and pride.

Overlooking the Patapsco River, Fort McHenry offers visitors a chance to explore its well-preserved ramparts, enjoy interactive exhibits, and learn about its rich military history. With scenic waterfront views and a variety of educational programs, the fort is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, families, and anyone looking to connect with a pivotal moment in U.S. history.

A Symbol of American Strength and Patriotism

Built in 1798, Fort McHenry was designed to guard Baltimore’s vital harbor. Its most famous moment came during the Battle of Baltimore on September 13-14, 1814, when British forces attacked by both land and sea. Despite heavy bombardment, the fort’s defenders successfully repelled the British fleet, and the sight of the American flag flying over the fort the next morning inspired Francis Scott Key, who was witnessing the battle from a British ship, to pen the words to “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

Today, Fort McHenry stands as a testament to that victory and the enduring spirit of the American people.

What to See and Do at Fort McHenry

  1. The Star Fort:
    • The star-shaped design of Fort McHenry, also known as the Star Fort, is one of its most distinctive features. Visitors can walk the fort’s ramparts and explore its bastions, which were designed to provide defensive cover from all angles. The cannons used to defend the fort during the War of 1812 are still in place, offering a glimpse into the military strategies used to protect Baltimore.
    • Flag Raising:
      • One of the highlights of visiting Fort McHenry is participating in the flag-raising ceremony. Every morning, park rangers lead visitors in hoisting a replica of the 15-star, 15-stripe American flag—the very flag that inspired Francis Scott Key’s famous poem. The ceremony is a patriotic experience that connects visitors to the history of the fort and the significance of the flag.
  2. Visitor Center and Museum:
    • Start your visit at the Fort McHenry Visitor Center, which features interactive exhibits, multimedia presentations, and artifacts that tell the story of the War of 1812, the defense of Baltimore, and the creation of “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Visitors can watch a short film that recounts the Battle of Baltimore and the fort’s crucial role in the fight.
    • Artifacts and Exhibits:
      • The museum houses a variety of artifacts from the War of 1812, including uniforms, weapons, and personal letters from soldiers. Interactive displays provide a deeper understanding of the battle, and visitors can listen to firsthand accounts of the events from both American and British perspectives.
  3. Francis Scott Key’s Inspiration:
    • One of the most significant aspects of Fort McHenry is its connection to Francis Scott Key, who was inspired to write the poem that became the U.S. national anthem after witnessing the fort withstand the British bombardment. A plaque at the fort commemorates the location where Key observed the battle from a British ship in the harbor.
    • The Star-Spangled Banner Exhibit:
      • Visitors can learn more about Key’s life and the story behind his famous poem in the exhibit dedicated to the creation of “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The exhibit includes a replica of the original flag and information on how Key’s poem eventually became the national anthem in 1931.
  4. Historic Cannons and Fortifications:
    • Fort McHenry is surrounded by well-preserved ramparts and fortifications, including the original cannonsused during the battle. Visitors can walk along the parapets and take in panoramic views of the Patapsco River and Baltimore’s harbor. Rangers provide insights into the fort’s design and how it was used to defend against naval and land assaults.
    • Living History Demonstrations:
      • Throughout the year, the fort hosts living history demonstrations where park rangers and reenactors dress in period uniforms and demonstrate cannon firings, musket drills, and other activities that would have been part of daily life at the fort during the War of 1812.
  5. Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine Grounds:
    • The expansive grounds surrounding Fort McHenry are ideal for walking, picnicking, and enjoying the scenic views of Baltimore’s harbor. The area is rich with history, featuring informational plaques and markers that provide additional context about the War of 1812 and the role the fort played in protecting the city.
    • Walking Trails:
      • There are walking trails that lead around the perimeter of the fort, offering visitors a chance to take in the peaceful waterfront scenery while reflecting on the fort’s historical significance. Benches along the trails provide perfect spots to sit and enjoy the views.
  6. The Defenders’ Day Celebration:
    • Defenders’ Day, celebrated annually in September, is Baltimore’s oldest holiday and commemorates the defense of the city during the Battle of Baltimore. Fort McHenry plays a central role in the celebration, hosting events that include reenactments, parades, fireworks, and historical presentations. It’s a lively and educational event that brings history to life.
    • Battle Reenactments:
      • During Defenders’ Day, reenactors demonstrate military drills, cannon firings, and other activities that recreate the events of 1814. The festivities culminate in a fireworks display, commemorating the moment the American flag continued to fly over Fort McHenry after the battle.
  7. Educational Programs and Ranger-Led Tours:
    • Fort McHenry offers a variety of educational programs, including ranger-led tours, youth programs, and Junior Ranger activities for children. These programs provide a hands-on learning experience and give visitors a deeper understanding of the fort’s history and significance in American culture.
    • Ranger-Led Tours:
      • Park rangers lead visitors on informative tours of the fort, explaining its history, architecture, and the tactics used to defend Baltimore. The tours are an excellent way to gain insight into the strategic importance of the fort and the events that unfolded during the War of 1812.
  8. Bird Watching and Scenic Views:
    • In addition to its historical significance, Fort McHenry offers a beautiful natural setting with excellent opportunities for bird watching and enjoying waterfront views. The park’s location along the Patapsco River attracts a variety of bird species, making it a popular spot for nature enthusiasts.
    • Harbor Views:
      • From the fort’s ramparts, visitors can take in stunning views of the Baltimore skyline and the Patapsco River, offering a perfect backdrop for photography or simply taking in the peaceful surroundings.

Events and Special Programs

  1. Flag Day Celebrations:
    • Each year on June 14, Fort McHenry hosts Flag Day celebrations, which honor the American flag and its symbolic importance. The event includes patriotic ceremonies, flag-raising demonstrations, and musical performances, making it a festive day to celebrate the flag’s legacy.
  2. War of 1812 Bicentennial Commemorations:
    • The fort periodically hosts special events related to the Bicentennial of the War of 1812, including reenactments, lectures, and exhibitions. These events provide a deeper exploration of the War of 1812 and its lasting impact on American history.

How to Get There

Fort McHenry is located at the tip of Locust Point, just minutes from downtown Baltimore, and is accessible by car, public transportation, and water taxi.

  • Address: 2400 E Fort Ave, Baltimore, MD 21230
  • Public Transport: The fort is accessible by MTA bus and the Charm City Circulator. Visitors can also take the Baltimore Water Taxi from the Inner Harbor, which offers a scenic way to reach the fort by boat.
  • Parking: On-site parking is available at Fort McHenry, with plenty of spaces for visitors.

Visiting Hours and Admission

Fort McHenry is open year-round, though hours may vary depending on the season.

  • Hours: Typically open daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
  • Admission Fees: A small entrance fee is charged for access to the fort, with discounts for children, seniors, and military personnel. The grounds and visitor center are free to enter. The National Park Service Annual Pass is accepted.
  • Official Website: Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine

Best Time to Visit

Fort McHenry can be enjoyed year-round, but the following times offer the best experience:

  • Spring and Fall: The mild weather in spring and fall is perfect for exploring the fort’s outdoor spaces, walking the ramparts, and participating in flag-raising ceremonies.
  • Defenders’ Day: Visiting during the Defenders’ Day celebration in September provides an opportunity to experience the fort’s history through reenactments and other special events.

A Must-Visit for History Lovers and Patriotic Americans

Fort McHenry stands as a powerful symbol of American resilience, patriotism, and pride. Whether you’re walking in the footsteps of soldiers from the War of 1812, witnessing the flag-raising ceremony, or learning about the birth of the national anthem, the fort offers an engaging and educational experience for visitors of all ages. For those interested in American history and the story behind the Star-Spangled Banner, a visit to Fort McHenry is an essential stop on any trip to Baltimore.

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